Reports


  • Afghanistan; State-building project in the era of warlords

    chapter two The previous section examined the history of land reform in Afghanistan. We will examine the situation in the 1990s in this section. Many sources have been used in writing this article, some of them historically significant. One of these sources is a long analytical article published by a political/labor collective in Iran. Its […]

  • Afghanistan; the land of conflicts

    chapter one Many sources have been used in writing this article, some of them historically significant. One of these sources is a long analytical article published by a political/labor collective in Iran. Its revolutionary historical and class analysis led me to use it to write this collection of essays. The discussion of recent events in […]

  • Iran, water crisis and repression

    There has been a prolonged drought in Iran since the early twentieth century, resulting in the destruction of lakes and wetlands as well as excessive water stress throughout the country. As an example of “human intervention” in water resources, the Iranian drought can be described as a water stress caused by aggressive pressure on water […]

  • Election in Iran

    Election in Iran

    The political landscape in Iran is characterized by a high degree of unpredictability, particularly during presidential elections. It was the first time that the presidential elections in Iran became a serious matter for the public when Mr Khamenei’s unapproved candidate, Mohammad Khatami, won with a surprising 20 million votes in 1997. The censorship and repression […]